Biology Notes regarding Cells and Related topics :: Biology Study Tests

1. The ability of ice to float because of the expansion of water as it solidifies is an important factor in the fitness of the environment. If ice sank, then eventually all ponds, lakes, and even oceans would freeze solid, making life as we know it impossible on earth. During the summer, only the upper few inches of the ocean would thaw. Instead, when a deep body of water cools, the floating ice insulates the liquid water below, preventing it from freezing and allowing life to exist under the frozen surface. 2. Carbon atoms are the most versatile building blocks of molecules. A covalent bonding capacity of four contributes to carbon’s ability to form diverse molecules. Carbon can bond to a variety of atoms, including oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Carbon atoms can also bond to other carbons, forming the carbon skeletons of organic compounds. 3. Most macromolecules are polymers. Carbohydrates, lipids proteins, and nucleic acids are the four major classes of organic compounds in cells. Some of these compounds are very large and are called macromolecules. Most macromolecules are polymers, chains of identical or similar building blocks called monomers. Monomers form larger molecules by condensation reactions in which water molecules are released, dehydration. Polymers can disassemble by the reverse process, hydrolysis. 4. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates. They are used directly for fuel, converted to other types of organic molecules, or used as monomers for polymers. Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharides connected by a glycosidic linkage. Fats are constructed by joining a glycerol molecule to three fatty acids by dehydration reactions. Saturated fatty acids have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds between their carbons. The primary structure of a protein is its unique sequence of amino acids. Secondary structure is the folding or coiling of the polypeptide into repeating configurations, such as the a helix and the pleated sheet, which result from hydrogen bonding between parts of the polypeptide backbone. Tertiary structure is the overall three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide and results from interactions between amino acid side chains. Proteins made of more than one polypeptide chain have a quaternary level of structur e. The structure and function of a protein are sensitive to physical and chemical conditions. Protein shape is ultimately determined by its primary structure, but in the cell chaperone proteins may help the folding process. Each nucleotide monomer consists of a pentose covalently bonded to a phosphate group and to one of four different nitrogenous bases.

A Social Activity That Brings the Best or, and the Worst of an Individual

There are many social activities these days that tend to show us that part of a person's character that has remained hidden from public view for so long.Activities such as company picnics, sports festivals seem to do the trick. But none of those activities can beat one of the most popular social activities that always bring out the competitive streak in an individual. I am talking about a class reunion.A class reunion is a social activity wherein classmates and friends from past eras get together years later and try to catch up on each other's lives and activities. During a class reunion, it seems that people have permission to revert to their old ways while in high school or college.It is a social situation where old wounds are reopened but not necessarily healed by time or apologies. It is an event where people gossip about who is was voted the most successful and yet seems to be the biggest failure in life. It is a time for life comparisons and reflection. None of which helps a pe rson's self esteem or sense of importance about life and other things.Class reunions are supposed to be a time of reminiscing and healing. Instead, it serves as a reminder to others regarding how they have not achieved the peak of success in their lives, or failed to achieve that which they bragged about in high school or college.It brings out the worst in an individual because of the way the person is treated for not being able to achieve his classmates ideal of him. It can also be a social activity that brings out the best in an individual when he can brag about his successes in life and hold his classmates in his own personal court where he feels he can help those whom he deems as less fortunate than he is.Think about. Ask your parents, grandparents, aunts and uncles, I am sure they will more than willing to tell you about the horror story that their class reunion turned out to be.That is because after the pleasantries are exchanged, all that is left is to try to find the failure s of each other. Just like when they were in regular school. Let's face it, class reunions are their passport to acting like their immature counterparts in high school even if only for one night. Â  

Professional,ethical and moral issues faced by ICT users Essay

ABSTRACT This report is a study of computer ethics, morals and professional issues facing Information Communication Technology (ICT) users and its relevance to today’s society at large. This issues do not only face ICT users only but the world at large, because it may have effect positively and negatively. This report aims to build knowledge or enhance the understanding about ICT and its ethics, morals and professional issues. The report has identified and discussed the impacts of ethics, morals and professional issues facing ICT users and how this will have negative and positive effects on the users of ICT. The report concludes by discussing possible ways on how to solve this issues and what has been done to reduce this issues. INTRODUCTION According to (Anon., 2010) ICT is the technologies that makes people to be able to acquire information through telecommunications. It mainly focuses on communication technologies where people can communicate verbally and non-verbally. This includes the means of internet, wireless networks, cell phones, social networks and other innovated means of communication. Through ICT people can communicate from different countries and it has created a ‘global village’ in a situation where people communicate as if they living next door. Since users of ICT enjoy the easily life brought by ICT there are some issues faced by users of ICT which are ethical, moral and professional. This is through manipulating technology in a bad way to use or access information, due to such it brings up problems makes individuals to consider ICT in a more meticulous way. 1. ETHICAL ISSUES FACING ICT USERS (Kuzu, 2009) States that computer ethics is the change of studying involving facts, values, basis and policies due to rapid computer technologies. Whereas (T.Sembok, 2003) views ethics as the basic rules that humans ought to follow or do to refrain one from immoral acts such as stealing, fraud and murder. The good thing about ethics is that people are accountable for the choices and decisions they make. But the bad thing is that people may abuse their power and do bad things due to the human rights and do what best suits them. ICT aids the capability of humans to be able to capture, comprehend, keep process and destroy information at a vast speed and magnitude. (T.Sembok, 2003) Argues that the impact and changes due to ICT are not good. 1.1 Unemployment The rapid use of automated teller machines (ATM) has caused a drop in employment. This is due to the use of ATM’s to get money sent through cell phone from services like cell phone banking. The service of cell phone banking, one can send money to a person’s account through the pay to cell method and e-wallet. By this people no longer have to queue in lines to deposit money. But it is bad because people working at the bank lose out on their jobs due to people diverting to the innovated technology. It is a good approach by ICT because money can be sent instantly and collecting of money can be done anytime at ATM’s unlike collecting it at the bank which has stipulated working time. 1.2 Hacking Hacking computers is done by youngster this is because they have a complex understanding of cracking codes and hack into computers and become undetected. This is because they are taught how to use computers at a tender age. An example of this is when a boy called Michael Calce in February 8, 2000 when he took down big sites like yahoo. He said that his father bought hi a computer when he was six years old this typically shows that hacking is done by youngsters due to the fact that they are taught at young age. But it is good because they are being equipped with the knowledge on how to use computers. â€Å"December 29, 2001: A hacker intrusion on the Malaysian parliament website has reportedly generated criticism from some officials who claim the government has taken a slapdash approach to internet  security.† (T.Sembok, 2003) 2. MORAL ISSUES FACED BY ICT USERS Morals are rules that govern behaviour which actions are right and wrong. It is upon a person to choose a side which is right or wrong. The users of ICT use it in a wrong way like through: 2.1 PIRACY According to (T.Sembok, 2003) software piracy is the topic of conversation. Piracy is the unauthorized duplication of copyright content, the good thing about piracy is that people are able to purchase pirated goods at a lower price. But it has negative effects on the original producers of those goods like DVD, CD because their goods would not be bought due to the high price. So it entirely depends on the customers to do what is right or wrong for their interest. SOCIAL NETWORKING Social networking is one of the most innovations in the 21st century. The advantage of it is that one can be in touch with friends and families around the world. Business people can advertise their businesses in the social networks to get a variety of potential consumers. Most youngsters who use social networking in become addicted to Facebook, Whatsapp. They can spend a lot of their time on their gadgets communicating through the social networking hence ICT. This deprives their time of socialising physically and their school work. It also encourages cyber bullying because people can create fake accounts and use them to bully people which is bad. 3. PROFESSIONAL ISSUES FACED BY ICT USERS It is knowledge skills in a widely recognised body of learning derived from research, education and training at a high level. (T.Sembok, 2003) ict professionals sometimes face hardships (Gorniak-Kocikowska, 2006) CONCLUSION The report identified findings on ethical. Moral and professional issues facing ICT. On the ethical issue of unemployment due to innovation of ICT in bank services. Governments are trying by all means to try to find jobs for its people. They are trying to interlink technology and humans so that they  complement each other. These days there is internet security which protects ICT users to keep their computers safe from being hacked .this software protects computer users whilst browsing the internet to prevent it from being hacked. People are advised not to click pop ups in the internet as it is a way of hacking. But Michael Calce called mafia boy wrote a book on how he was able to hack the internet and how it is still vulnerable even though there is internet security. The title of the book is â€Å"How I cracked the internet and Why its still vulnerable†. He states that computer crime has changed from largely a matter of hackers seeking technical challenges to one of criminal s motivated strictly by money. The world international laws have put a stiff laws on piracy. Whoever is caught practising piracy will be severely punished also those who purchase pirated stuff. According to (Gorniak-Kocikowska, 2006) ICT can be used for ethical or unethical purposes. This is because the danger of ICT being used to harm humans is real.

Venipuncture Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Venipuncture - Case Study Example This case study focuses on venipuncture. A number of aspects emanate from this nurse’s experience. It is a good practice to talk to a patient and offer the assurance regarding the medical procedure. No evidence of this is present in the situation. Additionally, nurses ought to position the patient’s arm in the most favorable position. In venipuncture, this is supposed to be a straight line. Once again, it appears that the nurse skipped this step. A limit exists on the number of attempts that a nurse can perform on a patient. If two attempts have failed, one is meant to consult a senior practitioner for assistance. This nurse tried to do everything on her own. Caregivers need to exercise judgment when selecting the suitable vein for blood collection. It is likely that this professional did not choose the best vein to carry out the draw. She did not wait for the vein to become visible as this hampers success of the procedure. The pressure with which she inserted the needl e could also have caused the problem. This paper declares that nurses must eliminate risks that stem from the environment. They must adhere to preset standards that govern the procedures they are performing. The competency statement also states that infection control must be kept at a minimum. Nurses must use ergonomics into to protect patients and themselves from injury. Safety should be top in their priority list, and this should involve adherence to legislative procedures. The caregiver ought to provide comfort to the patient by adjusting external parameters to meet these needs. This objective must be maintained throughout the therapeutic intervention. In this case, the nurse was meant to administer a procedure in a safe and secure manner, but she fell short. According to the competency statement, the nurse is supposed to adjust medical procedures in response to a patient’s comfort requirements. Clearly, this nurse did not abide by such a principle. Furthermore, she was meant to prioritize the patient’s safety. Making four attempts in venipuncture is dangerous to a patient’s safety. It could cause health complications like tendon, nerve or arterial injury (Adams & Elliot, 2006). The gentleman may have encountered some bruising. It might even lead to excessive bleeding, fainting and even spark of an allergic reaction (Walther-Wenke, 2008). Competency statement 9.5 also states that the nurse must adhere to the principles of ergonomics in order to minimize injury. These standards were compromised in the case. Several ergonomic principles could have been ignored such as the grip of the need, the angle in which the needle was administered as well as the depth to which the nurse inserted the needle (Scales, 2008). The subject in this case study is in need of a development program for venipuncture. Therefore, the

Inter-Cultural Development Bank Case Study Essay

Inter-Cultural Development Bank Case Study - Essay Example Other team members wanted to ensure that the right type of relations was created with Ghanaian officials and that the economical considerations were met. Eduardo Caballero was a road-building expert and he was not happy that the road was being constructed through heavy jungles to meet the demands of different tribes and there was a technical role conflict here. Aziz Tanod the economist felt that socializing with locals was essential to develop cordial relations. Bernard Dupre was a financial analyst who did not like the nurturing and hand holding that was required of his role. Raj Mathuri was an economist who believed in getting the job done. Bjorn the mission leader was under intense pressure from Washington and it was felt that he over controlled the project and the mission members. So the actual role requirements were to carry out tasks as required while the implied role, requirements were for socializing and some members did not like this aspect. Bjorn, the Swedish team leader believed in close monitoring of the project and other people did not like this. Bernard Dupre from France believed in carrying out his role of financial analyst and not to take up mentoring and being nice to the Ghanaians. Eduardo Caballero, the Colombian was an easy-going person who enjoyed being with people and got along very well with his Ghanaian counterparts when they met at the hotel for drinks. Aziz Tanod from Indonesia liked to socialize and so did John Anderson, the American specialist in Ghanaian manufacturing and marketing. Raj Mathuri from India also did not like to socialize, Thus it can be seen that while some people believed only in their work and did not like to mix and socialize, others believed that both activities were required. There are two motivational factors here, work oriented and socializing or people oriented. The presumed conflict among

Business Intelligence in Action Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Intelligence in Action - Assignment Example The data that companies will try to seek is the preferences of many things that Facebook users have towards products and services. This information will enable the business make more money as they will strive to provide this. Most of the information that companies target are the private information and tastes of individuals. Individual browsing history will be tracked (Vitt, Luckevich, & Misner , 2010). From the information, Facebook is considered to be bad. One way in which this is taken is that Facebook does not inform the users that they are using their private information. Another thing is that Facebook shares Facebook users’ profile information without the consent of the users (Vitt, Luckevich, & Misner , 2010). BI puts our privacy at risk than before. We are no longer safe with the information we give on Facebook. We do not know who else will get access to this information. Information we give might be used to incriminate us because we do not know who else will get this

One page reflective Ecercise and 10 pages for case study questions Essay

One page reflective Ecercise and 10 pages for case study questions - Essay Example Adult years Had become a professional Mining Engineer. Had travelled and worked in Portugal, Greece, Finland, Morocco, Algeria and Mozambique. Had been fluent in 11 different languages. Had been a successful single parent of 2 Children, acting practically both as father and mother. 1988 Had migrated to WA with his kids filled with high hopes for a better life for his children. Had been out of worked and was forced to receive handouts of second hand clothes and food. Had suffered racism at work, while his kids were isolated in the school. His dream turned into a curse. Had felt miserably a failure. Had felt trapped. Had felt completely isolated and disillusioned. Had felt despair, unwelcome and betrayed. 1- Formulation Form Client: Julio Nunes Nesto UMRN: ....................................... Date: ........ / ........ / ........ Predisposing Factors: Possible Sources of Biological Vulnerability Neurological development or other neurological problem: Had polio at the age of two, had become partially paralysed and unable to speak and walk Maternal viral infection during pregnancy: N/A Family history: N/A Birth trauma: Born stigmatized to be an inferior race equivalent to a slave. Possible Sources of Physiological Vulnerability Physical abuse experienced or threatened: Grew up in an environment of oppression and inequality Witnessed family violence: N/A Emotional/psychological abuse: Work discrimination; unwelcomed; frightened; betrayed; disillusioned Sexual abuse: N/A Physical or emotional neglect: Single parent of two; without wife to care for him; without relatives to run to Other trauma: Culture shock in WA; living alone in a foreign cruel society Bullying in school/community: Isolation of children in the school; lack of social support in the community possible Sources of Social Vulnerability: Poverty/deprivation: Uncertain life in a foreign highly discriminating land Alcohol and other drug use (self/others prior teens): N/A Migration (international or intra- national): Migrated to Western Australia Cultural conflict/ alienation/stigma/ lack of supports: Experiences worse condition in WA Racism: Suffered racism in the workforce, in social settings and his 2 children suffered racism at school. Other forms of discrimination: No assistance to single father parent making it almost impossible for him to find work; his children are isolated because of their skin color. Precipitating Factors: (what stressors were happening prior to becoming unwell) Oppression and discrimination in his own land Stigmatized by his Portuguese name Single parent of two growing kids Perpetuating Factors: (what stressors are still operating or what helps keep the stress going). Racial discrimination of his family in a foreign land Joblessness and lack of opportunity for a decent living for a black single-father parent in WA Shattered dream for his two kids Humiliated and frustrated Trapped in a cruelly discriminating society Current Problem List as Identified by Clie nt: 1. Depression 2. Anxiety due to joblessness 3. Prejudice due to racial experienced discrimination 4. Frustration and anger because of failed high expectation Thoughts: This society is so cruel; it could treat children too unfairly. Racism is a large factor in mental health deterioration. I am trapped; we can no longer go back to Mozambique. Feelings: He felt completely isolated, unwelcome and betrayed. He felt despair, angry, helpless, depressed and disillusioned. He felt humiliated and a miserable failure. Behaviour: